Cities and urban life Essay

In any developing and developed countries, one of the indicators of development is the infrastructure and the growth of cities. Urban culture is the cultural behavior that is associated with the urbanites. Cities all over the world, from the time immemorial have behaviors and cultural elements that separate them from otherwise specific comparable rural areas. In the developed countries, the word urban is solemnly used as a euphemism to describe dot com culture or subsets of racial culture, and this forms a defined groups as a type of urban tribe. Therefore, names for cultural artifacts like urban loud music could be seen as a new term for certain class music. It can also refer to the greater availability of cultural resources such as art, theatre, events, etc as compared to suburban or rural areas. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Impacts of urban life In summary, the author ventures on the advantages and disadvantages of urban life as compared to rural life. Here, there arises a query as to why the rich or the affluent prefer living in major cities. Moreover, the poor are associated with the rural life. Some of the advantages of urban life include availability of basic human needs in varieties. There is cheap and ready means of transport in urban areas as opposed to rural areas. Availabilities of reputable health facilities. In rural areas, one has to travel miles away to access health facilities, market, higher institution of learning etc. Contrary to that, some of the weaknesses associated with urban life include congestion due to over population, concurrent crime activities, pollution to water, air and environment at large, due to wreck less dumping of refuses, polythene bags and tins. Slums are another menace associated with urban life. In every large city, there must be a slum nearby. Conclusion From other disciplines perspective, the author introduces a disciplinary analyses and contested accounts of tourism and urban culture from geographical, historical, sociological, anthropological and economical point of view. Finally, there are some developments in subject field analyses from urban and planning studies, Cultural and leisure studies, Gender and queer studies. Reference: Cities and urban life, retrieved on 22sd September 2007, available at www. amazon. com/ Nancy Kleniewski (2004), A Political Economy of Urban Life, retrieved on 22sd September 2007, Longman, U. K

How does Plath use intricate patterning of sounds, words, images and rhythm to create an impact on the reader?

Almost all of Plath's poems are so deep and full of emotions that it would be impossible to be impacted by them. However, her intricate use of linguistic and literary devices help the reader to understand the true meaning of her poems therefore adding to the impact. For this essay I will look mainly at the linguistic and literary features Plath uses in her poem ‘Daddy'. This poem, like many of her others, uses an intricate patterning of sounds to create a certain moods at points in the poem. For instance the first three stanzas of the poem uses assonance; the soothing sound ‘oo'; â€Å"you do not do†, â€Å"I have had to kill you† and, â€Å"Where it pours bean green over blue†. This sound draws out the words resulting in a longer, protracted sound. This slows the flow of these stanzas and creates a calm mood. This patterning of sounds can also be seen in her other poems. For example in Miss Drake Proceeds to Supper, in which she patterns the ‘d' harsh sound to create a faster pace and cutting mood. Plath creates imagery in many of her poems with the use of colour. In Daddy she patterns the use of colour from black and white in the first stanza to black and red in the eleventh and twelfth stanza. The colours black and white are antithetical and when placed in close proximity connote racism, or in this case fascism. The black is used to connote the evil of the Germans while the white represents the innocence of the Jews. Therefore Plath is using colours to create imagery of her view of the suppression of the Jews, this creates an empathetic impact on the reader. However, the later patterning of black and red are used symbolically. She writes, â€Å"Bit my pretty red heart in two.† The adjective she has used to describe her heart is ‘red' but in the last line her use of the adjective black is also linked to the description of the heart symbolising that her heart is black, which connotes death. This imagery is very emotive; therefore, creating a significant impact on the reader. Furthermore, in this poem Plath uses the linguistic device of apostrophe to create an impact on the reader. She writes, â€Å"Daddy, I have had to kill you.† This device conveys to the reader that this poem is addressed to her Father. Many of Plath's poems are about her father but the device of directing this poem at him has a much stronger effect on the reader because she speaks so openly to him in the poem, even though the reader may be aware of the fact that he is dead. Plath patterns the pronoun ‘you' to sustain the direct address of her father throughout the poem. However, she also used this pronoun with a concealed intention as it seems also to be addressing the reader. The last stanza use the pronoun in every line, â€Å"There's a stake in your fat black heart And the villagers never liked you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  This patterning of the pronoun includes the reader because it seems as though she is subtly talking to the reader of the poem as well. In this case this linguistic device makes a stronger impact on the reader than if Plath were to have written the poem in first or third person because of the emotive nature of much of the lexis in the poem that appears to be directly addressed to the reader. The lexical field within this poem, as has been the case in some of Plath's other poetry, is that of war. The phrase, â€Å"barb wire snare† and her numerous references to â€Å"Jews†, â€Å"Germans† and fascism are just some of the lexis that connote that of war. Her overindulgence in lexis from this field is so overwhelmingly hyperbolic that it gives the poem a sarcastic tone. Plath purposefully does this to create a light hearted twist in a poem that on the surface seems to the reader to be very derisive and cruel. Plath creates a childlike feeling in the thirteenth stanza when she writes, â€Å"And they stuck me together with glue.† This line alludes to the children's poem ‘Humpty Dumpty' reinforcing the childish noun ‘Daddy'. This juxtaposition of the childlike allusion and lexis with the hard hitting, raw lexical field of war creates a binary opposition. The association of these two opposite images is rather unpleasant making the reader feel uncomfortable. Plath's use of enjambment has a strong effect as the poem seems to pour out of Plath and onto the page in a disordered but constant stream of imagery and sadistic phrases. This creates the hateful tone that Plath intentionally uses in some of her other poetry about her Father. Caesura is used to help make the poem somewhat readable but does not break the flow of ‘hate' that the enjambment creates. The syntax of many of the sentences in the poem is also disordered which adds to this effect. Combined the syntax and enjambment create an impact on the reader because of the overflowing feeling of Plath's hate that they convey. In conclusion it is clear to see that the subject of this poem is one that Plath feels incredibly strong emotions towards, in this case hate. It would therefore be impossible to not have some sort of impact on the reader. However, through her use of linguistic and literary devices like assonance, imagery, apostrophe, lexical fields, allusions and enjambment Plath conveys her message and emotions effectively to the reader resulting in a much stronger impact.

Gender Criticism and Frankenstein Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender Criticism and Frankenstein - Essay Example other words, the work of Mary Shelley, specifically in context to Frankenstein, can be critiqued for being male dominating and critically chauvinist in its character. The protagonist and the antagonist, both the main characters of the novel around which the story revolves, are male characters, which suggest the biased sense of character in the book. The women mentioned in the book solely perform a supportive, yet a subservient role to the picture. Moving past the characters, the themes of the text also portray gender anxieties. The obsession with nine months, for instance, which Victor takes to create the monster, clearly reflects an issue with gender complexities, more of which would further be expanded on in the paper.This implies that Shelley was of the view that though women is the weaker gender, yet her role can`t be ignored in entirety to smoothly run the system. The other supportive roles, comparatively stronger in nature have been naturally attributed to men in the story. Thi s biasness attributed to gender roles can be related in context to Shelley`s personal life, which was dominated by two male figures, her father and her husband. Victor Frankenstein is inspired after having met Walton who takes nine month to explore the North Pole. Owing to his experiments, Victor ends up creating a monster, which is the underlying theme of the novel and creates the angle of fear and anxiety in the text. The two main characters in the novel, Walton and Victor are extremely ambitious and egotistical in nature, preferring a bond with another man instead of a woman. These traits have also been found characteristic to her husband in particular, reflecting the individual impacts of men on her life. More so, a huge contrast is seen when she characterizes the women in the novel representing them as ‘proper’ women in compliance tothe expectations of the mainstream society. In this scenario, it may be concluded that Shelley had a strong impact of the trend during the time

A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Essay

A Profession Undergoing Rebirth -Transformations in the Quantity Surveyor's Role - Essay Example The quantity surveying surfaced in England as early as the eighteenth century. Cartlidge (2002) describes in his book those beginning years, where the quantity surveyor acted for the master tradesmen, measuring the work after completion and usually submitting final accounts to the building owner.As a consequence of these activities, it more and more became the habit of building owners to have work performed under contract and to call for bids before any work was undertaken. A process, therefore, developed whereby specifications and drawings were given out to selected master builders, who would then present proposals for the total price rather than a group of prices from master tradesmen. Builders soon realized that it would be more economical for them as a group to employ one surveyor to measure quantities for all of them. They could thus split the cost of the surveyor, acquire a similar bill of quantities which made sure that they would all be tendering on the same basis. Later on, the building owner realized that it would be to his own advantage to hire and pay the fees of the quantity surveyor (Willis and Ashworth, 1994). The quantity surveyor thus transformed to a consultant. The traditional function of the quantity surveyor has been defined by Cartlidge (2002) as a measure and value arrangement. Still practiced by some, the old, conventional role prepares estimated ballpark figures of the initial costs of the building using a single price method of valuation. The design would only then be developed by the architect when the cost was suitable for the client. Afterward, bills of quantities for tendering purposes would be created, progress payments would be quantified, and a final account would be prepared on the basis of the tendered documentation. Although the process was essential and vital, it was obviously also mainly reactive. In the 1960s, cost planning services were included in the selection of tasks carried out by the quantity surveyor, in order to avoid tenders being received that were over the budget (Egan, 1998).

General Electric Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

General Electric - Case Study Example One such company is Sanyo Epson. ISO 14031 is used globally to evaluate organisations in the "manufacturing, health services, transportation, electric utility and municipal sectors in order to evaluate environmental performance (EPE), provide a basis for performance benchmarking, demonstrate compliance to regulations and increase operational efficiency" (ISO 14031, par. 1) It assists organisations to obtain ISO 14001 certification. Other companies, for instance, General Electric, have focused their efforts mostly inward, with the integration of high-tech programs to track their progress. In today's business environment, performance measurement relates to all aspects of business from leadership to management to employees to customers. It is a method by which company output, brand recognition, cooperation and interaction with other companies are measured. Because GE has expanded its product line to include almost every area of manufacturing, a successful environmental management progra m must be able to cover every phase of their business, from supply chain to operations to marketing. GE has the broadest array of infrastructure products, services and financing in the world, "from Energy to Aviation to Transportation to Water to Oil & Gas" (General Electric 2006, p.

Human Right Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Right Law - Coursework Example Nonetheless, it is illegal for a public authority to function against the Article 10 of ECHR. A court in UK will be regarded as a public authority for this purpose. Thus, judges in UK are under obligation to develop the common law in accordance with Convention rights as regards to right to the freedom of expression1. The issue is whether the Home Secretary of UK , can use her power under UK criminal- justice legislation to shut down UKPFs website before the videos can be published, and this can be considered as an abusive of Norman’s right of freedom of expression granted both under HRA ,1998 and under ECHR ,1950? Nonetheless, the UK government has an obligation to safeguard people from terrorists’ menace and in such cases, freedom of expression can be confined to safeguard national security and public order. The right to freedom of speech or expression is granted under Article 10 of ECHR, which is subject to some restrictions such as it can be restrained in the interest of a country’s national security or to maintain public safety or to safeguard territorial integrity. A UK court cannot grant an interim order prohibiting publication of a material under section 12 of the HRA unless it is fully pleased that the claimant is probable to demonstrate at full trial that such publication should not be permitted as held in Cream Holdings Ltd v. Banerjee, 2 and it should have specific attention to the significance of the right to the freedom of expression, the magnitude to which such publication is in the public interest and any particular privacy codes. Due to this fact, it has become arduous to get interim injunctions against the media3. However, UK courts can use their power to protect any religious feelings as held in Wingrove v UK4 where a ban on short film â€Å"Visions of Ecstasy† was sought under blasphemous. It was alleged that the short film was intended to portray the visions of St. Teresa of Avila, in a sexually explicit manner. The

Annotated bibliograhphy Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bibliograhphy - Annotated Bibliography Example Although most human resource managers find implementing work-life programs challenging and expensive, Lockwood suggests that any organization that intends to attract the right talents and gain competitive advantage must consider implementing a work-life program since it offers a win-win solution. This article satisfies the study objectives since it discusses the challenges facing human resource in the present day society as regards increased need for work-life program. The world has witnessed rapid technological advancements in the recent past. In this journal article, Kamal and Ashish Kumar investigate the impact that technological advancements witnessed in the recent past has had on human resource performance. The authors note that the recent technological advancements such as computers have transformed human resource functions in a big way. The authors note that the integration of technologies, such as computers has changed how the human resource managers process payrolls and record information among others. Additionally, the authors reckon that the integration of technologies in human resource management has improved how HR keeps records and information in an organization. Therefore, the authors advise that HR managers should ensure that they keep up with new technologies to enhance the performance of their HR functions. This paper satisfies the study objectives since it explores the impact of technology on HR